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1/2018 FOOD-Lab 37
3 BfR (2007) Stellungnahme Nr.
028/2007 Salatmischung mit Pyrrolizidinalkaloid
haltigem Greiskraut
verunreinigt Bundesinstitut für
Risikobewertung,
4 BfR (2013) Stellungnahme Nr.
018/2013 Pyrrolizidinalkaloide in
Kräutertees und Tees Bundesinstitut
für Risikobewertung,
5 Bodi D e t al. (2014) Determination
of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in tea, herbal
drugs and honey Food additives
& contaminants Part A, Chemistry,
analysis, control, exposure & risk
assessment 31:1886-1895 doi:10.108
0/19440049.2014.964337
6 Chen T, Mei N, Fu PP (2010) Genotoxicity
of pyrrolizidine alkaloids
Journal of applied toxicology : JAT
30:183-196 doi:10.1002/jat.1504
7 COT (2008) Statement on pyrrolizidine
alkaloids in food. Committee of the Toxicity
of Chemicals in Food, Consumer
Products and the Environment,
8 EFSA (2005) Opinion of the Scientific
Committee on a request
from EFSA related to a harmonised
approach for risk assessment of substances
which are both genotoxic
and carcinogenic EFSA J 282:1-33
9 EFSA (2012) Statement on the applicability
of the Margin of Exposure
approach for the safety assessment
of impurities which are both genotoxic
and carcinogenic in substances
added to food/feed EFSA J 10:1-5
10 EFSA (2017) Panel on Contaminats
in the Food Chain CONTAM: Risks
for human health related to the
presence of pyrrolizine alkaloids
in honey, tea, herbal infusions and
food supplements EFSA Journal
15:34 doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4908
11 Griffin CT, Danaher M, Elliott CT,
Glenn Kennedy D, Furey A (2013)
Detection of pyrrolizidine alkaloids
in commercial honey using
liquid chromatography-ion trap
mass spectrometry Food chemistry
136:1577-1583 doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.
2012.02.112
12 Griffin CT, Mitrovic SM, Danaher
M, Furey A (2015) Development of
a fast isocratic LC-MS/MS method
for the high-throughput analysis of
pyrrolizidine alkaloids in Australian
honey Food additives & contaminants
Part A, Chemistry, analysis,
control, exposure & risk assessment
32:214-228 doi:10.1080/19440049.
2014.996789
13 Hessel S, Gottschalk C, Schumann D,
These A, Preiss-Weigert A, Lampen
A (2014) Structure-activity relationship
in the passage of different pyrrolizidine
alkaloids through the gastrointestinal
barrier: ABCB1 excretes
heliotrine and echimidine Molecular
nutrition & food research 58:995-
1004 doi:10.1002/mnfr.201300707
14 Hidalgo IJ, Raub TJ, Borchardt RT
(1989) Characterization of the
human colon carcinoma cell line
(Caco-2) as a model system for
intestinal epithelial permeability
Gastroenterology 96:736-749
15 Kempf M et al. (2010) Pyrrolizidine
alkaloids in pollen and pollen products
Molecular nutrition & food
research 54:292-300 doi:10.1002/
mnfr.200900289
16 Mulder PPJ, Sánchez PL, These
A, Preiss-Weigert A, Castellari M
(2015) Occurence of pyrrolizidine
alkaloids in food EFSA supporting
publication 2015:EN-859:1-114
17 NTP (2003) Technical report on
the toxicology and carcinogenesis
studies of riddelliine in f344/n rats
and b6c3f1 mice vol 508. National
Toxicology Program,
18 Schulz M et al. (2015) Detection of
pyrrolizidine alkaloids in German
licensed herbal medicinal teas Phytomedicine
: international journal
of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology
22:648-656 doi:10.1016/j.
phymed.2015.03.020
19 Wang C et al. (2011) The comparative
pharmacokinetics of two pyrrolizidine
alkaloids, senecionine and adonifoline,
and their main metabolites in
rats after intravenous and oral administration
by UPLC/ESIMS Analytical
and bioanalytical chemistry 401:275-
287 doi:10.1007/s00216-011-5075-3
20 Wiedenfeld H (2011) Plants containing
pyrrolizidine alkaloids: toxicity
and problems Food additives &
contaminants Part A, Chemistry,
analysis, control, exposure & risk
assessment 28:282-292 doi:10.1080
/19440049.2010.541288
21 Xia Q, Ma L, He X, Cai L, Fu PP
(2015) 7-glutathione pyrrole adduct: a
potential DNA reactive metabolite of
pyrrolizidine alkaloids Chem Res Toxicol
28:615-620 doi:10.1021/tx500417q
analytica 2018
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